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Data Types Programs need to use data for calculations, comparisons, and for output to various devices. The best programs will allways use the most appropriate data types to make the most effective use of memory and to ensure that only the correct types of data are allowed to be input. A variable can be declared to have a data type, including: = character – allows any single letter or number = string – allows any combination of letters, numbers and spaces = integer – for whole numbers = real – for numbers with whole parts and fractional parts = Boolean – can only hold true or false Data structures Programs allow the use of data structures with variables including records and simple arrays. They are defined below: -           A record, data structure contains fields to store information In a similar way to a database table. -           An array of data structure is a variable with many parts, in simp...

Programming concepts Professional programmers use specialised skills and creativity to write programs. Some people find programming easy and fun.  The programming concept you need to understand are described below. Application software package This is the end result of programming. When an application is running, the user interface is what you see and interact with by typing or using buttons. Applications software packages are created by programming with a high-level programming language and are used to solve problems and to entertain. High-level programming language A high-level programming language is one that is quite close to natural human language (rather then computer language, aka machine code). This is what most programmers use to write programs.  Examples of high-level programming language are C# (pronounced ‘C Sharp’), C++, Java, and Visual Basic. Microsoft Office applications, including excel also offer high-level programming functionality using VBA (virtual basic f...